Hyperleptinemia as a Prognostic Factor for Preeclampsia: a Cohort Study

Mendieta Zerón, Hugo; García Solorio, Verónica Jackeline; Nava Díaz, Pamela Montserrat; Garduño Alanís, Adriana; Santillán Benítez, Jonnathan Guadalupe; Domínguez García, Victoria; Escobar Briones, Carolina; Denova Gutiérrez, Edgar

doi:10.14712/18059694.2015.41

Acta Medica > Archive > 2012, Vol. 55 > Issue 4 > Hyperleptinemia as a Prognostic Factor…

Acta Med. 2012, 55: 165-171

https://doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2015.41

Hyperleptinemia as a Prognostic Factor for Preeclampsia: a Cohort Study

Hugo Mendieta Zerón^a, Verónica Jackeline García Solorio^b, Pamela Montserrat Nava Díaz^c, Adriana Garduño Alanís^c, Jonnathan Guadalupe Santillán Benítez^d, Victoria Domínguez García^d, Carolina Escobar Briones^e, Edgar Denova Gutiérrez^f

^aMolecular Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Center (CICMED), Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMex), Toluca, México
^bAutonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
^cMaternal-Perinatal Hospital “Monica Pretelini”, Toluca, Mexico
^dMedical Research Center, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
^eFaculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico
^fNational Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

Received June 20, 2012
Accepted December 29, 2012

Introduction: Leptin is an adipokine which has a direct relationship to obesity. Our aim was to measure this hormone in pregnant women at three months intervals throughout their pregnancies to determine the serum value of those who developed preeclampsia. Material and Methods: We followed 19 women (median age 24.8 ± 5.7 years) with pre-gestational Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m², 21 (median age 26.1 ± 4.6 years) with BMI higher than 25 kg/m² and 16 (median age 30.9 ± 5.8 years) with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (median age 30.9 ± 5.8 years), recruited in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Serum levels of leptin were measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. Results: In the first trimester of pregnancy leptin levels showed statistically significant differences between normal weight and overweight-obese women (p < 0.001), diabetic women (p < 0.05) and the subgroup of preeclamptic women (p < 0.001). For those women with PGBMI ≥ 40 kg/m² and leptin ≥ 40 ng/ml in the second trimester, the Odds Ratio (OR) to develop preeclampsia was of 47.95% CI (4.1–527.2). Analyzing leptin values with ROC curves, the greatest area under the curve (AUC) was for leptin in the second trimester (0.773, CI: 0.634–0.911). Conclusion: Women with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²) had significantly higher levels of serum leptin (p < 0.01) and a value of 40 ng/ml of this hormone seems to be predictive of developing preeclampsia in this group of patients.