Acta Medica
Journal of Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové 

Bhavya Pahwa^a, Nishtha Pahwa^b, Sangeeta Pahwa^b, Rajkumar Pahwa^c, Luis AB Borba^d, Mirza Khinikadze^e, Ismail Bozkurt^f,g, Tural Rajabov^h, Kanav Guptaⁱ, Bipin Chaurasia^j

^aColumbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
^bSri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences, Amritsar, India
^cDepartment of Neurosurgery, Sangeeta Multispeciality Hospital, Amritsar, India
^dDepartment of Neurosurgery, Federal university of Parana, Curitaba, Brazil
^eDepartment of Neurosurgery, New Vision University Hospital, Tbisili, Georgia
^fDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical Park Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
^gDepartment of Neurosurgery, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
^hDepartment of Neurosurgery, Liv Bona Dea Hospital, Baku, Azerbaizan
ⁱDepartment of Neurosurgery, AIIMS, Jammu, India
^jDepartment of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj, Nepal

Received March 30, 2026
Accepted May 22, 2026