Acta Med. 2020, 63: 95-100
Oral Manifestations of Nutritional Deficiencies: Single Centre Analysis
, Radovan Slezáka, Jakub Radochab
aDepartment of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
b4th Department of Internal Medicine – Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
Received April 1, 2020
Accepted June 5, 2020
Introduction: Oral manifestations of deficiency of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid are thought to be common. Prevalence of these deficiencies among patients with compatible symptoms is not well known. The goal of this study was to summarize evidence from a dental practice of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency in patients presenting with compatible oral manifestations. Methods: 250 patients who presented with burning mouth syndrome, angular cheilitis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, papillar atrophy of the tongue dorsum or mucosal erythema were identified. Patients underwent clinical examination, and the blood samples were taken. Results: 250 patients (208 females; 42 males, mean age 44.1 years) with at least one corresponding symptom or sign were identified. The nutritional deficiency of one or more nutrients was found in 119 patients (47.6%). Seven times more females than males were noted to have one type of deficiency (104 females, 15 males). Iron deficiency as defined was diagnosed in 62 patients (24.8%), vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency in 44 patients (17.6%) and both deficiencies (iron + vitamin B12/folic acid) in 13 patients (5.2%). The only predictive factor was gender and only for iron deficiency. The presence of more than one deficiency was noted in 10 patients (4.9%). Conclusion: The most commonly observed deficiency in dental practice over the course of 11 years was an iron deficiency in the female population. Age, diet and reported co-morbidities did not show statistically significant predictable value in recognizing these deficiencies.
Keywords
anemia, oral manifestations, iron deficiency, vitamin B12, folic acid.
Funding
The work was supported by the project PROGRES Q40/08 and Q40/13 (Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové) and by the Czech Health Research Council, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic and MH CZ – DRO (UHHK, 00179906).
References
Copyright
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
