Acta Med. 2020, 63: 73-78
https://doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2020.20
Fluoroscopic Epidural Steroid Injection: Pain Relief in Discogenic Sciatica Versus Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. A Study on Middle Eastern Patients
References
1. D, March L, Brooks P, et al. The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 6: 968–74.
<https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204428>
2. WE, Gopisetty V, Bartmess E, et al. The prognosis of acute low back pain in primary care in the US: a 2-year prospective cohort study. Spine 2012; 37: 678–84.
<https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318230ab20>
<PubMed>
3. CW, Peng P. Failed back surgery syndrome. Pain Med 2011; 12: 577–606.
<https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01089.x>
4. R, McCarberg B. Managing acute back pain patients to avoid the transition to chronic pain. Pain Manag 2011; 1: 69–79.
<https://doi.org/10.2217/pmt.10.7>
5. E, La Barrie J, DaSilva L, et al. The impact of timing of physical therapy for acute low back pain on health services utilization: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 100: 1324–38.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.11.025>
6. Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J, et al. Noninvasive treatments for low back pain [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2016 Feb. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK350276/ accessed 05.03.2019.
7. RF, Kapural L, Mekhail NA. Epidural steroid therapy for back and leg pain: mechanisms of action and efficacy. Spine J 2005; 5: 191–201.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2004.10.046>
8. CE. Lumbar epidural steroid injections. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2018; 29: 73–92.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2017.08.007>
9. RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, et al. Epidural corticosteroid injections in the management of sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2012: 157: 865–77.
10. K, Liu P, Liu R, Wu X, Cai M. Steroid for epidural injection in spinal stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9: 707–16.
11. A, List T. Comparison of pain thresholds and pain tolerance levels between Middle Easterners and Swedes and between genders. J Oral Rehabil 2009; 36: 271–8.
<https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.01943.x>
12. B, Candido K, Knezevic N. Different pain responses to chronic and acute pain in various ethnic/racial groups. Pain Manag 2017; 7: 427–53.
<https://doi.org/10.2217/pmt-2017-0056>
13. Thienhaus O, Cole B. Classification of pain. in Weiner R. Pain management: A practical guide for clinicians, 6th ed. CRC Press, 2002, pp. 28–30.
14. E. Measurement of pain. Lancet 1974; 2: 1127–31.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(74)90884-8>
15. L, Pampati V, Falco FJ, Hirsh JA. Assessment of the growth of epidural injections in the medicare population from 2000 to 2011. Pain Physician 2013; 16: 349–4.
16. D, Rosenberg W, Gray J, et al. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t. BMJ 1996; 312(7023): 71–2.
<https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71>
<PubMed>
17. M, Mezghani M, Ghroubi S, et al. [The Oswestry index for low back pain translated into Arabic and validated in a Arab population]. Annales de readaptation et de medecine physique 2005; 48: 1–10.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annrmp.2004.06.055>
18. WE, 3rd, Ahmad M. The efficacy of lumbar epidural steroid injections in patients with lumbar disc herniations. Anesth Analg 2007; 104: 1217–22.
<https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000260307.16555.7f>
19. CH, Lee SH. Correlation between severity of lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar epidural steroid injection. Pain Med 2014; 15: 556–61.
<https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12348>
20. PC, Sharma A, Singh V, Natraj B, Devani D, Khapane V. Outcome of single level disc prolapse treated with transforaminal steroid versus epidural steroid versus caudal steroids. Eur Spine J 2016; 25: 217–21.
<https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-015-3996-9>
21. AA. Epidural steroid injection in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy in Abuja, Nigeria. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2012; 3: 121–5.
22. C, Katz JN, Ferrante FM, Jamison R. Effects of epidural steroid injection on pain due to lumbar spinal stenosis or herniated disks: a prospective study. Arthritis Care Res 1998; 11: 291–7.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1790110410>
23. J, Allahdini F, Nasseri K, et al. Comparing the effects of epidural methylprednisolone acetate injected in patients with pain due to lumbar spinal stenosis or herniated disks: a prospective study. Int J Gen Med 2011; 4: 875–8.
24. Bagley C, MacAllister M, Dosselman L, Moreno J, Aoun S, El Ahmadieh T. Current concepts and recent advances in understanding and managing lumbar spine stenosis. F1000Res. 2019 Jan 31; 8. Accessed on 05.03.2019.
<https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16082.1>
<PubMed>
25. A, Hao J, Sjolund B. Local corticosteroid application blocks transmission in normal nociceptive C-fibers. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1990; 34: 335–8.
<https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1990.tb03097.x>
26. D, Mammou S, Griffoul I, et al. Pathophysiology of disk-related sciatica. I. – Evidence supporting a chemical component. Joint Bone Spine 2006; 73: 151–8.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2005.03.003>
27. A, Merlini L, Faldini C. Autoimmunity in intervertebral disc herniation: from bench to bedside. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17: 1461–70.
<https://doi.org/10.1517/14728222.2013.834330>
28. S, Kokubo Y, Uchida K, et al. Effect of lumbar nerve root compression on primary sensory neurons and their central branches: changes in the nociceptive neuropeptides substance P and somatostatin. Spine 2005; 30: 276–82.
<https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000152377.72468.f4>
29. SP, Bogduk N, Dragovich A, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response, and preclinical safety study of transforaminal epidural etanercept for the treatment of sciatica. Anesthesiology 2009; 110: 1116–26.
<https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a05aa0>
30. S, Finckh A, Zufferey P, et al. Adalimumab in acute sciatica reduces the long-term need for surgery: a 3-year follow-up of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71: 560–2.
<https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200373>
31. A, Eisenach JC. Perineural clonidine reduces mechanical hypersensitivity and cytokine production in established nerve injury. Anesthesiology 2006: 104: 351–5.
32. NE. The risks of epidural and transforaminal steroid injections in the spine: Commentary and a comprehensive review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int 2013; 4(Suppl 2): S74–S93.
<https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.109446>
<PubMed>



